300ci/4.9L Oiling
IF THE IMAGE IS TOO SMALL, click it.
Oil pressure should be 40-60psi @2000RPM
Oil is lifted from the pan through the pickup screen & tube (sky blue) into the pump (dark red) which pushes the oil through the filter. The clean high-pressure oil (red) flows to the main galley, from which it flows to the lifter bores, main bearings (and then to the rod bearings via the crankshaft oil journals, not shown), and camshaft bearings. As each lifter (HLA) reaches the bottom of its cam lobe, its bleed hole is exposed to the main galley's high-pressure oil, which fills it (with the help of the internal spring) to adjust out all the lash from that rocker. As the lobe raises the HLA, its bleed hole is blocked, maintaining that adjustment for that stroke. Oil leaks from the top of the HLA into the pushrod and spills into the rocker arm, wetting the rocker fulcrum & valve stem. The front cam bearing leaks oil onto the crankshaft timing gear teeth & cam gear teeth. Spillage from the camshaft bearings and return oil from the head flows into the distributor bushing at low pressure. Splash (windage) from the crankshaft wets the cylinder walls, collecting in the oil rings.
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This shows how to make the oil gauge work on vehicles originally built with the 6psi switch, up to ~1995.
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Later vehicles have the resistor built into the gauge head, so the gauge would have to be swapped out for an older one to make this work.
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SSM# 19462 OASIS MESSAGE :
SOME 1997-2007 E150/F150, 1997-2007 CROWN VIC./GRAND MARQUIS/TOWN CAR, 1997-2004 MUSTANG GT, 1997-1998 T-BIRD/COUGAR AND 2002-2005 EXPLORER/MOUNTAINEER WITH 4.6L 2V ENGINE MAY EXPERIENCE AN ENGINE TICKING OR RATTLE NOISE THAT SOUNDS LIKE A STUCK TAPPET (HLA). THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE DETERIORATION OF AN AFTERMARKET OIL FILTER. VEHICLES WITH THIS CONDITION HAVE LOW OIL PRESSURE AT ONE CYLINDER HEAD ONLY, WHILE MAIN PRESSURES ARE NORMAL. DISLODGED MATERIAL FROM THE AFTERMARKET OIL FILTER BLOCKS THE CAM CAP OIL PASSAGE, EITHER AT CYLINDER #4 (RIGHT BANK REAR) OR CYLINDER #5 (LEFT BANK FRONT). FORD RECOMMENDS THE USE OF FORD APPROVED FILTERS ONLY. DAMAGE TO ENGINES CAUSED BY AFTERMARKET OIL FILTERS ARE NOT COVERED UNDER WARRANTY.
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Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
The amount of oil an engine uses will vary with the way the vehicle is driven in addition to normal engine-to-engine variation. This is especially true during the first 12,000 km (7,500 miles), when a new engine is being broken in or until certain internal engine components become conditioned. Vehicles used in heavy duty operation (severe service) may use more oil. The following are examples of heavy-duty operation:
- Trailer towing applications
- Severe loading applications
- Sustained high speed operation
Engines need oil to lubricate the following internal components:
- Engine block cylinder walls
- Pistons and piston rings
- Intake and exhaust valve stems
- Intake and exhaust valve guides
- All internal engine components
When the pistons move downward, a thin film of oil is left on the cylinder walls. The thin film of oil is burned away on the firing stroke during combustion. If an engine burned a drop of oil during each firing stroke, oil consumption would be about one (1) quart for every mile traveled. Fortunately modern engines use much less oil than this example. However, even efficient engines will use some oil or they would quickly wear out. Additionally as the vehicle is operated, some oil is drawn into the combustion chambers past the intake and exhaust valve stem seals and burned.
Many different conditions can affect oil consumption rates. The following is a partial list of these items:
- Engine size
- Operator driving habits
- Ambient temperature
- Quality and viscosity of the oil
Operation under varying conditions can be frequently misleading. A vehicle that has been run for several thousand miles of short trip operation or below freezing ambient temperatures, may have consumed a "normal" amount of oil. However, when checking the engine oil level, it may measure up to the full mark on the dipstick due to dilution (condensation and fuel) in the engine crankcase. The vehicle then might be driven at high speeds on the highway where the condensation and fuel boil off. The next time the engine oil is checked, it may appear that a quart of oil was used in a hundred or so miles. This perceived 160 km (100 miles) per quart oil consumption rate causes customer concern even though the actual overall oil consumption rate was about 2400 km (1,500 miles) per quart.
Make sure the selected engine oil meets the recommended API performance category "SG" and SAE viscosity grade as shown in the vehicle Owner Guide. It is also important that the engine oil is changed at the intervals specified for the typical operating conditions. Refer to «Section 00-03», Maintenance and Lubrication.
The following diagnostic procedure is intended to be used to determine the source of excessive internal oil consumption.
1. Determine what is considered excessive oil consumption, i.e., how many miles are driven per quart of oil? Also, determine owner's driving habits, i.e., sustained high speed operation, towing, extended idle, etc. Oil usage is normally greater during the first 7,500 miles of service. As mileage increases, oil usage generally decreases. Vehicles in normal service should get at least 900 miles per quart after 7500 miles of service. Vehicles that are subjected to severe duty (high speed driving, towing, high ambient temperature etc.) may result in greater oil usage.
NOTE: Vehicles over 8500 GVWR will consume more oil.
2. Verify engine has no external oil leak as outlined under Engine Oil Leaks.
3. Perform an oil consumption test:
-a. Drain engine oil, remove and replace oil filter and refill with recommended quality and quantity of oil.
-b. Verify engine has correct engine oil indicator dipstick.
-c. Run engine for two minutes, then turn engine off. Allow oil to drain into oil pan for additional three minutes (vehicle should be on level surface).
-d. With engine off and vehicle on level surface, remove engine oil dipstick and wipe clean. Fully re-install dipstick, then remove it again. Note where the oil level is on graphic, stamped on dipstick. Oil level should be between top of cross-hatch area and "F" in Full. Using a file, scribe a notch on edge of dipstick, indicating the actual full level.
-e. Record vehicle's mileage.
-f. Determine amount of miles driven to consume one quart of oil. If unacceptable, proceed to Step 4.
4. Check PCV valve system. Make sure system is not plugged.
5. Check for plugged oil drain-back holes in cylinder head(s), and cylinder block.
6. If, after performing the above, the condition still exist, proceed to Step 7.
7. Perform a cylinder compression test as outlined, and/or perform a cylinder leak detection test with Tester 014-00705. This can be helpful in determining source of oil consumption, i.e., valves, piston rings, etc.
8. Check valve guides for excessive guide clearance. Replace all valve stem/guide seals after correct valve guide clearance has been verified.
9. Worn or damaged internal engine components can cause excessive oil consumption. Small deposits of oil on tip of spark plugs can be a clue to internal oil consumption. If internal oil consumption still persist, proceed as follows:
-a. Remove engine from vehicle and place it on an engine work stand. Remove intake manifold(s), cylinder head(s), oil pan and oil pump. Refer to procedure in the appropriate engine section of the Car/Truck Shop Manual.
-b. Check piston ring clearance, ring gap and ring orientation. Service as required.
-c. Check for excessive bearing clearance. Service as required.
NOTE: After checking for worn parts, if it is determined parts should be replaced, make sure correct replacement parts are used.
10. Perform oil consumption test to confirm oil consumption concern has been resolved.
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The crankcase can be pressurized to locate oil leaks. The following materials are required to fabricate the tool to be used.
1. Air supply and air hose.
2. Air pressure gauge that registers pressure in increments of one psi.
3. Air line shutoff valve.
4. Appropriate fittings to attach above parts to oil fill, PCV grommet holes and rocker arm cover tube.
5. Appropriate plugs to seal any openings leading to crankcase.
6. A solution of liquid detergent and water to be applied with a suitable type applicator such as a squirt bottle or brush. Fabricate the air supply hose to include the air line shutoff valve and the appropriate adapter to permit the air to enter the engine through the rocker arm cover tube. Fabricate the air pressure gauge to a suitable adapter for installation on the engine at the oil fill opening.
Testing Procedure
1. Open air supply valve until pressure gauge maintains 34 kPa (5 psi).
2. Inspect sealed and/or gasketed areas for leaks by applying Snoop Pressure Check or a solution of liquid detergent and water over areas for formation of bubbles, which indicates leakage.
